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果然、确实如此、卜辞记后事的话头：“允雨”就是后来真下了雨果然、確實如此、卜辭記後事的話頭：「允雨」就是後來真下了雨indeed, it really was so, the word that opens a record of what followed: 允雨 means the rain did come
较可能的解释較可能的解釋Probable interpretation虚词虛詞Abstract
一个人侧着站，身子一笔垂下，腿从身子上分出去；头的位置上不是一个圆点，而是笔画绕回来打的一个小圈。看的时候先找那个圈，再看圈下面的人。一個人側著站，身子一筆垂下，腿從身子上分出去；頭的位置上不是一個圓點，而是筆畫繞回來打的一個小圈。看的時候先找那個圈，再看圈下面的人。A person stands in profile, the body one falling stroke with a leg branching off it; and where the head belongs there is no dot but a small ring, made by the stroke curling back on itself. Find the ring first, then the person under it.
商代不同时期、不同刻手的写法并不相同。下面每一种写法都依据一片具体的甲骨。商代不同時期、不同刻手的寫法並不相同。下面每一種寫法都依據一片具體的甲骨。Scribes of different periods wrote the same character differently. Each form below follows one specific inscription.
常见写法常見寫法Most common form
圈画得大，两条腿从圈下分开向左右撇出去，站得很稳。圈畫得大，兩條腿從圈下分開向左右撇出去，站得很穩。A large ring, with two legs splitting away beneath it to left and right in a firm stance.
《甲骨文合集》27378 號 · 舊著錄 佚625 · 何組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1061 · 第 32 形《甲骨文合集》27378 號 · 舊著錄 佚625 · 何組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1061 · 第 32 形《甲骨文合集》 合27378 · first published as 佚625 · 何組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1061 · form 32
刻得极细，圈缩成两笔交叉处的一条窄缝，位置也落到身子中段。刻得極細，圈縮成兩筆交叉處的一條窄縫，位置也落到身子中段。Cut very thin: the ring shrinks to a narrow slit where two strokes cross, and it sits halfway down the body.
《甲骨文合集》12964 號 · 舊著錄 甲3121 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1061 · 第 05 形《甲骨文合集》12964 號 · 舊著錄 甲3121 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1061 · 第 05 形《甲骨文合集》 合12964 · first published as 甲3121 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1061 · form 05
圈偏在右上，身子几乎直落到底，另一笔向左下甩出，只剩一条腿。圈偏在右上，身子幾乎直落到底，另一筆向左下甩出，只剩一條腿。The ring sits up to the right, the body drops almost straight to the foot, and a single stroke swings away to the lower left for the one leg.
《甲骨文合集》28029 號 · 舊著錄 粹1155 · 無名組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1061 · 第 36 形《甲骨文合集》28029 號 · 舊著錄 粹1155 · 無名組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1061 · 第 36 形《甲骨文合集》 合28029 · first published as 粹1155 · 無名組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1061 · form 36
人形这一半没有争议：侧身、一腿、有时两腿，和“人”“兄”“见”这些字下半一样。争的是头上那个圈。一说那是声符：《说文》讲“允，信也。从儿，㠯声”，把圈看作“㠯”，只管读音，不管意思。一说那个圈画的就是头，而且是回过头去的样子——点头应承，所以有“确实、果然”的意思。前一说照顾了字音，后一说照顾了字义，字形本身两边都容得下，所以这里标作较可信而非确定。卜辞里的用法是清楚的：问过了、占过了，事情过后应验，就写“允”，“允雨”“允获”“允其来”，都是在说后来果然如此。这个字是验辞的标记，一片甲骨上出现“允”，说明刻手回头补记了结果。
人形這一半沒有爭議：側身、一腿、有時兩腿，和「人」「兄」「見」這些字下半一樣。爭的是頭上那個圈。一說那是聲符：《說文》講「允，信也。从儿，㠯聲」，把圈看作「㠯」，只管讀音，不管意思。一說那個圈畫的就是頭，而且是回過頭去的樣子——點頭應承，所以有「確實、果然」的意思。前一說照顧了字音，後一說照顧了字義，字形本身兩邊都容得下，所以這裡標作較可信而非確定。卜辭裡的用法是清楚的：問過了、占過了，事情過後應驗，就寫「允」，「允雨」「允獲」「允其來」，都是在說後來果然如此。這個字是驗辭的標記，一片甲骨上出現「允」，說明刻手回頭補記了結果。
The person half is not in dispute: a body in profile with one leg, sometimes two, exactly as in 人, 兄 and 見. The argument is over the ring at the head. One reading makes it a phonetic: 說文 says “允 is to be trusted; it follows 儿 with 㠯 as the sound”, treating the ring as 㠯 and as sound only. The other reading makes the ring the head itself, and a head turned back — a nod given, which yields the sense “indeed, so it was”. The first reading serves the pronunciation, the second the meaning, and the shape on the bone will carry either, so the badge here says probable rather than certain. The use is clear enough: once the question had been put and the cracks read, a scribe who came back to record how it ended wrote 允 — 允雨, the rain did come; 允獲, the game was taken. The character is the mark of a verification, and where it appears the carver has returned to the bone to add the outcome.
所有字形均为本项目按所引字形原创绘制的示意图，不是拓片复制品。所有字形均為本專案按所引字形原創繪製的示意圖，不是拓片複製品。Every drawing is an original schematic illustration made after the cited form. None of them is a reproduction of a rubbing. 小學堂甲骨文資料庫 · 中央研究院
