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射箭的靶子、替商王守一方的首领，卜辞里写作“侯某”射箭的靶子、替商王守一方的首領，卜辭裡寫作「侯某」a target set up to shoot at, a leader holding a region for the Shang king, written 侯 plus a name
较可能的解释較可能的解釋Probable interpretation王权王權Royalty
一块布挂起来：上面一道横是挂布的杆，右边一道竖是垂下来的布边。布下面立着一支箭，箭头朝上，箭尾的羽也画了出来。挂起来让人射的布，就是靶。一塊布掛起來：上面一道橫是掛布的桿，右邊一道豎是垂下來的布邊。布下面立著一支箭，箭頭朝上，箭尾的羽也畫了出來。掛起來讓人射的布，就是靶。A cloth hung up: the bar across the top is the pole, the stroke down the right is the hanging edge. Under it stands an arrow, point upward, with the feathers of its tail drawn in. A cloth hung up to be shot at is a target.
商代不同时期、不同刻手的写法并不相同。下面每一种写法都依据一片具体的甲骨。商代不同時期、不同刻手的寫法並不相同。下面每一種寫法都依據一片具體的甲骨。Scribes of different periods wrote the same character differently. Each form below follows one specific inscription.
常见写法常見寫法Most common form
布的两笔画成方角，箭的头和尾各一个人字形。布的兩筆畫成方角，箭的頭和尾各一個人字形。The cloth is squared off at the corner, and the arrow's head and tail are each a small peak.
《甲骨文合集》3353 號 · 舊著錄 後2.5.10 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 678 · 第 20 形《甲骨文合集》3353 號 · 舊著錄 後2.5.10 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 678 · 第 20 形《甲骨文合集》 合3353 · first published as 後2.5.10 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 678 · form 20
箭杆中间多一道横，是箭上的一道倒刺。箭桿中間多一道橫，是箭上的一道倒刺。One more bar crosses the shaft halfway up — a barb on the arrow.
《甲骨文合集》33082 號 · 舊著錄 寧滬1.430 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 678 · 第 21 形《甲骨文合集》33082 號 · 舊著錄 寧滬1.430 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 678 · 第 21 形《甲骨文合集》 合33082 · first published as 寧滬1.430 · 歷組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 678 · form 21
上面那道横写成弧线，布像被风兜起来。上面那道橫寫成弧線，布像被風兜起來。The top bar is drawn as a curve, as though the cloth were bellying in the wind.
《甲骨文合集》20592 號 · 舊著錄 佚11 · 組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 678 · 第 10 形《甲骨文合集》20592 號 · 舊著錄 佚11 · 組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 678 · 第 10 形《甲骨文合集》 合20592 · first published as 佚11 · 組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 678 · form 10
常见的讲法是：上面挂起来的是射布，下面是箭，合起来就是“射侯”的靶。《说文》说“矦，春饗所射矦也。从人，从厂，象张布，矢在其下”，讲的也是这个。另一说把上面那一折看作厂，是山崖或棚子，箭放在崖下，只表示存放。字形本身两说都容得下，所以这里标为较可信。卜辞里的用法是清楚的：“侯”加一个名字，是替商王守一方的首领，如“犬侯”。王命他们出兵、向王报事、给王纳贡；王也为他们卜问吉凶。这是王与一方首领之间的关系，和后世成套的封建爵制不是一回事，不要用“诸侯”的现成印象去套。
常見的講法是：上面掛起來的是射布，下面是箭，合起來就是「射侯」的靶。《說文》說「矦，春饗所射矦也。从人，从厂，象張布，矢在其下」，講的也是這個。另一說把上面那一折看作厂，是山崖或棚子，箭放在崖下，只表示存放。字形本身兩說都容得下，所以這裡標為較可信。卜辭裡的用法是清楚的：「侯」加一個名字，是替商王守一方的首領，如「犬侯」。王命他們出兵、向王報事、給王納貢；王也為他們卜問吉凶。這是王與一方首領之間的關係，和後世成套的封建爵制不是一回事，不要用「諸侯」的現成印象去套。
The usual account: the thing hung above is a shooting cloth and the thing below is an arrow, so the graph is the target of an archery contest. 說文 reads it the same way — “a target shot at in the spring feast; the cloth stretched out, the arrow beneath it”. A second account takes the bent stroke for 厂, a cliff or a shelter, with an arrow stored under it. The shape allows both, so the badge here says probable. The use on the bones is not in doubt: 侯 with a name after it is a leader holding a region for the Shang king — 犬侯 and others. The king orders them out with troops, they report to him and bring in tribute, and he divines on their behalf. That is a working relation between a king and the men who held the border country, not the graded nobility of later dynasties; the later picture of 諸侯 should not be read back into it.
所有字形均为本项目按所引字形原创绘制的示意图，不是拓片复制品。所有字形均為本專案按所引字形原創繪製的示意圖，不是拓片複製品。Every drawing is an original schematic illustration made after the cited form. None of them is a reproduction of a rubbing. 小學堂甲骨文資料庫 · 中央研究院
