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伸手到土里使劲，刨土、整地、《说文》记作汝、颍一带的方言词伸手到土裡使勁，刨土、整地、《說文》記作汝、潁一帶的方言詞to put one's hands into the soil and work at it, recorded in 說文 as a word of the Ru and Ying river country
广泛接受廣泛接受Widely accepted人物人物People
当中堆着一块土：底宽顶尖，像刚挖起来堆成的一堆。旁边伸过来一只手，手臂弯着，指头朝土堆。有的写法左右各一只手。當中堆著一塊土：底寬頂尖，像剛挖起來堆成的一堆。旁邊伸過來一隻手，手臂彎著，指頭朝土堆。有的寫法左右各一隻手。A lump of earth in the middle: broad at the base, pointed on top, like soil just heaped up. A hand reaches in from the side, the arm bent and the fingers turned to the heap. Some hands draw one on each side.
商代不同时期、不同刻手的写法并不相同。下面每一种写法都依据一片具体的甲骨。商代不同時期、不同刻手的寫法並不相同。下面每一種寫法都依據一片具體的甲骨。Scribes of different periods wrote the same character differently. Each form below follows one specific inscription.
常见写法常見寫法Most common form
土堆偏在右边，堆上横一道；只有左边一只手，手臂长、两指分开。土堆偏在右邊，堆上橫一道；只有左邊一隻手，手臂長、兩指分開。The heap sits to the right with a bar across it, and there is only one hand, on the left, with a long arm and two fingers apart.
《甲骨文合集》33210 號 · 舊著錄 粹1221 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1591 · 第 01 形《甲骨文合集》33210 號 · 舊著錄 粹1221 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1591 · 第 01 形《甲骨文合集》 合33210 · first published as 粹1221 · 歷組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1591 · form 01
土堆摆正中，左右各伸一只手，两边对称地够住它。土堆擺正中，左右各伸一隻手，兩邊對稱地夠住它。The heap is centred and a hand reaches in from each side, taking hold of it evenly.
《甲骨文合集》33211 號 · 舊著錄 粹1223 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1591 · 第 03 形《甲骨文合集》33211 號 · 舊著錄 粹1223 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1591 · 第 03 形《甲骨文合集》 合33211 · first published as 粹1223 · 歷組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1591 · form 03
土堆压得又矮又宽，两只手举得高，从上往下扣。土堆壓得又矮又寬，兩隻手舉得高，從上往下扣。The heap is pressed low and wide, and the two hands come in high, closing on it from above.
《甲骨文合集》33209 號 · 舊著錄 京都2363 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1591 · 第 05 形《甲骨文合集》33209 號 · 舊著錄 京都2363 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1591 · 第 05 形《甲骨文合集》 合33209 · first published as 京都2363 · 歷組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1591 · form 05
先说一件容易混的事：这个“圣”读 kū，是一个独立的古字，和“聖”（shèng，圣人的圣）本来毫不相干；今天“圣”兼作“聖”的简化字，两个字才挤到一个形里。甲骨上的“圣”由两样东西组成：一堆土，一只手，手伸向土。《说文》说“圣，汝潁之閒，謂致力於地曰圣。从土，从又”——许慎把它记成一个地方话的词，意思正是使劲对付地。这个字在甲骨上出得很集中：《甲骨文编》收的五形全属历组，片号也挨在一起（合三三二〇九至三三二一三）。字形告诉我们有人用手整过地，至于用不用工具、整的是哪一种地，得另找证据。小學堂的金文库里没有收这个字，金文一格是照本条的甲骨主形画的，不据某件铜器。
先說一件容易混的事：這個「圣」讀 kū，是一個獨立的古字，和「聖」（shèng，聖人的聖）本來毫不相干；今天「圣」兼作「聖」的簡化字，兩個字才擠到一個形裡。甲骨上的「圣」由兩樣東西組成：一堆土，一隻手，手伸向土。《說文》說「圣，汝潁之閒，謂致力於地曰圣。从土，从又」——許慎把它記成一個地方話的詞，意思正是使勁對付地。這個字在甲骨上出得很集中：《甲骨文編》收的五形全屬歷組，片號也挨在一起（合三三二〇九至三三二一三）。字形告訴我們有人用手整過地，至於用不用工具、整的是哪一種地，得另找證據。小學堂的金文庫裡沒有收這個字，金文一格是照本條的甲骨主形畫的，不據某件銅器。
First, a thing that trips people up: this 圣 is read kū and is an old character in its own right, with nothing originally to do with 聖 (shèng, “sage”); the two were pushed into one shape only when 圣 was also made the simplified form of 聖. On the bones 圣 is made of two things: a heap of earth, and a hand reaching to it. 說文 says “圣: in the country between the Ru and the Ying, to put one's strength into the ground is called 圣; from 土, from 又” — Xu Shen recorded it as a regional word, and the sense is exactly working hard at the ground. The character comes from a tight group of bones: all five copies in 甲骨文編 are 歷組, and their piece numbers run together (合33209 to 合33213). The shape tells us someone worked the soil with their hands; whether a tool was used, and what kind of ground it was, has to come from elsewhere. The 小學堂 bronze database holds no form for this character, so the bronze panel is drawn after this entry's own oracle primary and follows no particular vessel.
所有字形均为本项目按所引字形原创绘制的示意图，不是拓片复制品。所有字形均為本專案按所引字形原創繪製的示意圖，不是拓片複製品。Every drawing is an original schematic illustration made after the cited form. None of them is a reproduction of a rubbing. 小學堂甲骨文資料庫 · 中央研究院
