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用在女子名前的称号；晚期卜辞里见于女性的名字、后来成为周王室的姓用在女子名前的稱號；晚期卜辭裡見於女性的名字、後來成為周王室的姓a designation used with a woman's name; it turns up in late divinations in women's names, later the surname carried by the Zhou royal house
较可能的解释較可能的解釋Probable interpretation人物人物People
左边一个长方框，框里横着两三道齿，像一把梳篦放平了看。右边是跪坐的女人：两臂交拢成一道，身子和收起的腿在下面。左邊一個長方框，框裡橫著兩三道齒，像一把梳篦放平了看。右邊是跪坐的女人：兩臂交攏成一道，身子和收起的腿在下面。On the left an upright box with two or three teeth lying across it, like a comb seen flat. On the right a kneeling woman: her arms folded into one stroke, her body and gathered legs below.
商代不同时期、不同刻手的写法并不相同。下面每一种写法都依据一片具体的甲骨。商代不同時期、不同刻手的寫法並不相同。下面每一種寫法都依據一片具體的甲骨。Scribes of different periods wrote the same character differently. Each form below follows one specific inscription.
常见写法常見寫法Most common form
梳背写成封闭的方框，框里两道齿。梳背寫成封閉的方框，框裡兩道齒。The comb's back is a closed box with two teeth inside it.
《甲骨文合集》35364 號 · 舊著錄 前1.35.6 · 黃組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1415 · 第 02 形《甲骨文合集》35364 號 · 舊著錄 前1.35.6 · 黃組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1415 · 第 02 形《甲骨文合集》 合35364 · first published as 前1.35.6 · 黃組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1415 · form 02
框的右边不封口，齿加到三道，向右伸出去。框的右邊不封口，齒加到三道，向右伸出去。The box is left open on the right and the teeth, now three, reach out that way.
《甲骨文合集》36276 號 · 舊著錄 續1.25.2 · 黃組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1415 · 第 06 形《甲骨文合集》36276 號 · 舊著錄 續1.25.2 · 黃組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1415 · 第 06 形《甲骨文合集》 合36276 · first published as 續1.25.2 · 黃組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1415 · form 06
整件写得又瘦又长，只剩一道齿，女也跟着缩小。整件寫得又瘦又長，只剩一道齒，女也跟著縮小。The whole piece is drawn tall and thin with a single tooth left, and the woman shrinks to match.
《甲骨文合集》27547 號 · 舊著錄 粹386 · 何組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1415 · 第 04 形《甲骨文合集》27547 號 · 舊著錄 粹386 · 何組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1415 · 第 04 形《甲骨文合集》 合27547 · first published as 粹386 · 何組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1415 · form 04
右边是“女”，没有问题；左边那一件争得比较厉害。一说是梳篦（后来写作“𦣝”），框是梳背，横齿是梳齿，在字里只表声；一说是“臣”一类的形体，也有人把它看作一个器物的侧面。分不出来，所以这里标为较可信。用法上要说清楚：这个字在甲骨里见得很少，收到的字形只有九个，多半出在最晚的黄组，用在女性的名字里。后来“姬”成了周王室的姓，“姬姓”“姬周”都是西周以后的说法，不能把那一套姓氏制度放回商代来讲。商人记一个女子，靠的是“帚”加名字这样的称呼，不是靠姓。《说文》说“姬，黄帝居姬水以为姓”，讲的是传说中的起源，不是字形。
右邊是「女」，沒有問題；左邊那一件爭得比較厲害。一說是梳篦（後來寫作「𦣝」），框是梳背，橫齒是梳齒，在字裡只表聲；一說是「臣」一類的形體，也有人把它看作一個器物的側面。分不出來，所以這裡標為較可信。用法上要說清楚：這個字在甲骨裡見得很少，收到的字形只有九個，多半出在最晚的黃組，用在女性的名字裡。後來「姬」成了周王室的姓，「姬姓」「姬周」都是西周以後的說法，不能把那一套姓氏制度放回商代來講。商人記一個女子，靠的是「帚」加名字這樣的稱呼，不是靠姓。《說文》說「姬，黃帝居姬水以為姓」，講的是傳說中的起源，不是字形。
The right-hand part is 女 and raises no question; the left-hand piece is argued over. One reading makes it a comb, later written 𦣝 — the box its back, the bars its teeth — present in the graph only for its sound. Another takes it for a shape of the 臣 family, and others for the side view of some object. Nothing settles it, so the badge stops at probable. About the use, one thing has to be said plainly: the graph is rare on the bones, nine forms in all, and most of them come from the latest 黃組 divinations, used in women's names. 姬 later became the surname of the Zhou royal house, but 姬姓 and 姬周 belong to the Western Zhou and after, and that whole system of surnames cannot be read back into the Shang. A Shang woman was recorded by a designation such as 帚 plus a name, not by a surname. 說文's “姬: the Yellow Emperor lived by the Ji river and took it as his surname” gives a legend of origin, not an account of the shape.
所有字形均为本项目按所引字形原创绘制的示意图，不是拓片复制品。所有字形均為本專案按所引字形原創繪製的示意圖，不是拓片複製品。Every drawing is an original schematic illustration made after the cited form. None of them is a reproduction of a rubbing. 小學堂甲骨文資料庫 · 中央研究院
