上面是一个方框,框里横着一画,右边还有一道长笔从上垂下来,那是读音的部件“冈”;下面一头牛,角朝上张开。合起来指一头公牛。上面是一個方框,框裡橫著一畫,右邊還有一道長筆從上垂下來,那是讀音的部件「岡」;下面一頭牛,角朝上張開。合起來指一頭公牛。A square frame sits on top with one bar across its inside, and a long stroke hangs down its right side: that is 岡, the part that carries the sound. Below stands an ox with horns opening upward. Together they name a bull.
甲骨文异体甲骨文異體Oracle-bone variants
商代不同时期、不同刻手的写法并不相同。下面每一种写法都依据一片具体的甲骨。商代不同時期、不同刻手的寫法並不相同。下面每一種寫法都依據一片具體的甲骨。Scribes of different periods wrote the same character differently. Each form below follows one specific inscription.
常见写法常見寫法Most common form
方框里一道横画,右边的长笔略向内弯,牛写在左下。方框裡一道橫畫,右邊的長筆略向內彎,牛寫在左下。One bar across the frame, the long right stroke bending slightly inward, and the ox at the lower left.
《甲骨文合集》36808 號 · 舊著錄 前2.17.7 · 黃組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 79 · 第 03 形《甲骨文合集》36808 號 · 舊著錄 前2.17.7 · 黃組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 79 · 第 03 形《甲骨文合集》 合36808 · first published as 前2.17.7 · 黃組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 79 · form 03
框里的一画改成斜的,从左上角拉到右下角;右边的长笔刻得笔直。框裡的一畫改成斜的,從左上角拉到右下角;右邊的長筆刻得筆直。The stroke inside the frame runs on the slant, corner to corner, and the long right stroke is cut dead straight.
《甲骨文合集》36809 號 · 舊著錄 前2.17.8 · 黃組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 79 · 第 04 形《甲骨文合集》36809 號 · 舊著錄 前2.17.8 · 黃組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 79 · 第 04 形《甲骨文合集》 合36809 · first published as 前2.17.8 · 黃組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 79 · form 04
斜画反过来,从右上角拉到左下角;右边的长笔弯成一道大弧,整个字向右偏。斜畫反過來,從右上角拉到左下角;右邊的長筆彎成一道大弧,整個字向右偏。The slanting stroke runs the other way, upper right to lower left, and the long right stroke swings out into a wide curve that leans the whole character rightward.
《甲骨文合集》36812 號 · 舊著錄 前2.18.3 · 黃組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 79 · 第 07 形《甲骨文合集》36812 號 · 舊著錄 前2.18.3 · 黃組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 79 · 第 07 形《甲骨文合集》 合36812 · first published as 前2.18.3 · 黃組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 79 · form 07
犅 sets 牛 below and the sound-carrying 岡 above. The upper half of 岡 is 网, a square frame with a stroke crossing its inside, and the long stroke falling on the right is the outer side of that frame. On the bones 犅 is a bull kept for sacrifice, often with its colour named as well, as in 白犅, a white bull. The character appears late: nearly every example belongs to the last period, the 黃組 divinations, which is why its strokes are square and its layout so steady. 說文 glosses it “犅, a 特牛; 牛 with 岡 for the sound”, 特 being a single bull.
所有字形均为本项目按所引字形原创绘制的示意图,不是拓片复制品。所有字形均為本專案按所引字形原創繪製的示意圖,不是拓片複製品。Every drawing is an original schematic illustration made after the cited form. None of them is a reproduction of a rubbing.小學堂甲骨文資料庫 · 中央研究院