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于是、这才、你的、他的，卜辞里指对方於是、這才、你的、他的，卜辭裡指對方then, and so — one thing after another, your, his — the possessive the divinations use for the person addressed
学界有争议學界有爭議Scholarly debate虚词虛詞Abstract
整个字只有一笔。起笔从左上横过去，到右边一折，然后一路垂下来，中间还带着波。一笔到底，不抬刀。整個字只有一筆。起筆從左上橫過去，到右邊一折，然後一路垂下來，中間還帶著波。一筆到底，不抬刀。The whole character is one stroke. It starts at the upper left, runs across, turns at the right, and then falls the whole way down with a wave in it. One cut, and the knife never lifts.
商代不同时期、不同刻手的写法并不相同。下面每一种写法都依据一片具体的甲骨。商代不同時期、不同刻手的寫法並不相同。下面每一種寫法都依據一片具體的甲骨。Scribes of different periods wrote the same character differently. Each form below follows one specific inscription.
常见写法常見寫法Most common form
上面一道近乎平的横，到右端硬折下来，垂笔几乎直落。上面一道近乎平的橫，到右端硬折下來，垂筆幾乎直落。A nearly level bar on top, a hard turn at its right end, and a fall that drops almost straight.
《甲骨文合集》19286 號 · 舊著錄 寧滬2.45 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 587 · 第 20 形《甲骨文合集》19286 號 · 舊著錄 寧滬2.45 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 587 · 第 20 形《甲骨文合集》 合19286 · first published as 寧滬2.45 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 587 · form 20
通体是波：起笔低，向上挑成峰，再左右摆两下落到右下角。通體是波：起筆低，向上挑成峰，再左右擺兩下落到右下角。A wave from end to end: it starts low, rises into a peak, then swings twice left and right and lands in the lower right corner.
《甲骨文合集》9560 號 · 舊著錄 甲2121 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 587 · 第 03 形《甲骨文合集》9560 號 · 舊著錄 甲2121 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 587 · 第 03 形《甲骨文合集》 合9560 · first published as 甲2121 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 587 · form 03
刻得很细，上面是一道浅弧不是横，下面几乎笔直。刻得很細，上面是一道淺弧不是橫，下面幾乎筆直。Cut thin: the top is a shallow arc rather than a bar, and the fall below it is all but straight.
《甲骨文合集》35483 號 · 舊著錄 後2.36.2 · 黃組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 587 · 第 10 形《甲骨文合集》35483 號 · 舊著錄 後2.36.2 · 黃組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 587 · 第 10 形《甲骨文合集》 合35483 · first published as 後2.36.2 · 黃組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 587 · form 10
一笔的字最难讲，因为一笔里没有可以拆开比对的部件，说法就多。《说文》说“乃，曳词之难也。象气之出难”，把这一笔看成话说不顺、气出不畅的样子——那是从用法倒推字形。另一说认为它画的是人侧身垂下的乳，后来写作“奶”，“乃”是本字。还有人说画的是一条垂下的绳。三说都拿不出别的字形来印证，一笔之中也看不出更多，所以这里标作有争议。卜辞里它的用法倒是明白的：一是“你的、他的”，“乃兄”“乃父”；二是接连两件事，先这样，“乃”那样。它和下一个字“迺”在卜辞里分工大致清楚——“迺”多用来接事，“乃”多用来指人——但两个字也有互用的地方，这一层也还在讨论中。
一筆的字最難講，因為一筆裡沒有可以拆開比對的部件，說法就多。《說文》說「乃，曳詞之難也。象气之出難」，把這一筆看成話說不順、氣出不暢的樣子——那是從用法倒推字形。另一說認為它畫的是人側身垂下的乳，後來寫作「奶」，「乃」是本字。還有人說畫的是一條垂下的繩。三說都拿不出別的字形來印證，一筆之中也看不出更多，所以這裡標作有爭議。卜辭裡它的用法倒是明白的：一是「你的、他的」，「乃兄」「乃父」；二是接連兩件事，先這樣，「乃」那樣。它和下一個字「迺」在卜辭裡分工大致清楚——「迺」多用來接事，「乃」多用來指人——但兩個字也有互用的地方，這一層也還在討論中。
A character of one stroke is the hardest to explain, because a single stroke offers no parts to take apart and compare, and so the accounts multiply. 說文 says “乃 is the drag of speech that will not come; it draws breath coming out with difficulty”, which reads the stroke back out of the way the word is used. A second account has it drawing a breast on a body in profile, the original of the character later written 奶. A third has it drawing a hanging cord. None of the three can point to another character for support, and one stroke will not yield more, so the badge here says disputed. The use, by contrast, is plain. It serves as “your, his” — 乃兄, your elder brother; 乃父, your father — and it links two things in order, this first and 乃 that. Its division of labour with 迺, the next character in this chapter, is broadly clear on the bones, 迺 joining events and 乃 pointing at people, but the two do overlap, and that too is still being argued.
所有字形均为本项目按所引字形原创绘制的示意图，不是拓片复制品。所有字形均為本專案按所引字形原創繪製的示意圖，不是拓片複製品。Every drawing is an original schematic illustration made after the cited form. None of them is a reproduction of a rubbing. 小學堂甲骨文資料庫 · 中央研究院
