甲骨探源 OracleQuest

返回字库返回字庫Back to the glyph index

wéi · to do, to make

做,办、替,给某人做某事做,辦、替,給某人做某事to do, to make, to act for, to do on someone's behalf

广泛接受廣泛接受Widely accepted人物人物People

所在章节所在章節Chapter: 26 · 征伐与行事26 · 征伐與行事26 · Marching and Doing

它画的是什么它畫的是什麼What it draws

右上角是一只手,手指张开朝下;手底下接着一条长鼻子,鼻子卷起来,连着一个方头和两条腿。手牵着象鼻,把象使唤起来。右上角是一隻手,手指張開朝下;手底下接著一條長鼻子,鼻子捲起來,連著一個方頭和兩條腿。手牽著象鼻,把象使喚起來。A hand at the upper right, fingers spread and turned down; below it a long trunk curling up to meet it, joined to a squared head and two legs. A hand on an elephant's trunk, putting the animal to work.

甲骨文异体甲骨文異體Oracle-bone variants

商代不同时期、不同刻手的写法并不相同。下面每一种写法都依据一片具体的甲骨。商代不同時期、不同刻手的寫法並不相同。下面每一種寫法都依據一片具體的甲骨。Scribes of different periods wrote the same character differently. Each form below follows one specific inscription.

  • 常见写法常見寫法Most common form

    手在右上,象鼻高高卷起来接住它;方头带眼,下面两条腿分开。手在右上,象鼻高高捲起來接住它;方頭帶眼,下面兩條腿分開。The hand sits upper right and the trunk curls high to meet it; the squared head carries its eye, and two legs part below.

    《甲骨文合集》15188 號 · 舊著錄 後2.10.12 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 336 · 第 09 形《甲骨文合集》15188 號 · 舊著錄 後2.10.12 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 336 · 第 09 形《甲骨文合集》 合15188 · first published as 後2.10.12 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 336 · form 09

  • 刻得又细又省:手只剩两道叉笔,象身缩成一条竖线,腿是两道短撇。刻得又細又省:手只剩兩道叉筆,象身縮成一條豎線,腿是兩道短撇。Cut thin and sparing: the hand is down to two forked strokes, the body to a single upright, and the legs to two short slants.

    《甲骨文合集》5410 號 · 舊著錄 存742 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 336 · 第 22 形《甲骨文合集》5410 號 · 舊著錄 存742 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 336 · 第 22 形《甲骨文合集》 合5410 · first published as 存742 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 336 · form 22

  • 象身向左斜,两条腿张得很开;手放得更高,鼻子拉得更长。象身向左斜,兩條腿張得很開;手放得更高,鼻子拉得更長。The body leans left and the legs spread wide; the hand is set higher and the trunk is drawn out longer.

    《甲骨文合集》2953 號 · 舊著錄 乙2307 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 336 · 第 02 形《甲骨文合集》2953 號 · 舊著錄 乙2307 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 336 · 第 02 形《甲骨文合集》 合2953 · first published as 乙2307 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 336 · form 02

字形演变字形演變How the shape changed

  1. 甲骨文甲骨文Oracle bone
  2. 金文金文Bronze
  3. 小篆小篆Seal
  4. 隶书隸書Clerical
  5. 楷书楷書Modern

字形解说字形解說The character explained

上面是“又”,一只手;下面是“象”,认得出长鼻、方头和腿。手抓着象鼻,是牵象干活。商代的中原还有象,卜辞里也问过猎象,用象来负重并不离奇。手使唤一头大牲口,引申出“做事”这个最普通的意思,卜辞里“为”就是做:为某事、为某人。《说文》把“为”讲成“母猴也”,说上面的爪是猴爪,那是许慎见不到甲骨,就小篆的形状猜的,与字形不合。

上面是「又」,一隻手;下面是「象」,認得出長鼻、方頭和腿。手抓著象鼻,是牽象幹活。商代的中原還有象,卜辭裡也問過獵象,用象來負重並不離奇。手使喚一頭大牲口,引申出「做事」這個最普通的意思,卜辭裡「為」就是做:為某事、為某人。《說文》把「為」講成「母猴也」,說上面的爪是猴爪,那是許慎見不到甲骨,就小篆的形狀猜的,與字形不合。

Above is 又, a hand; below is 象, the elephant, still showing its trunk, its squared head and its legs. The hand has hold of the trunk: the animal is being led to work. There were still elephants in the Shang heartland — the divinations ask about hunting them — and putting one to carrying is no stretch. From a hand setting a great beast to a task comes the plainest of meanings, “to do”, and that is how the bones use 為: to do a thing, to do it for someone. 說文 explains 為 as 母猴也, “a female monkey”, taking the claw above for a monkey's; Xu Shen had no bones to look at and was guessing from the seal shape, and the guess does not fit the graph.

出处出處Sources

  • 甲骨文字典 · 徐中舒 (主编) (1988)
  • 甲骨文字编 · 李宗焜 (2012)异体取舍依据
  • 说文解字 · 许慎 (100)說文:爲,母猴也,其爲禽好爪,爪,母猴象也;下腹為母猴形。王育曰:‘爪,象形也。’ ,古文爲,象兩母猴相對形。
  • 甲骨文編 · 中国科学院考古研究所 (编) (1965)字號 336 · 合15188、合5410、合2953 · 賓組
  • 金文編 · 容庚 (编) (1985)器名 雍伯鼎 · 時代 西周早期

所有字形均为本项目按所引字形原创绘制的示意图,不是拓片复制品。所有字形均為本專案按所引字形原創繪製的示意圖,不是拓片複製品。Every drawing is an original schematic illustration made after the cited form. None of them is a reproduction of a rubbing. 小學堂甲骨文資料庫 · 中央研究院

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