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做、兴造，后来写作“作”、卜辞里“乍邑”是营建城邑，“乍册”是掌册的官做、興造，後來寫作「作」、卜辭裡「乍邑」是營建城邑，「乍冊」是掌冊的官to make, to set up — later written 作, on the bones 乍邑 is founding a settlement, and 乍冊 is the officer in charge of the records
学界有争议學界有爭議Scholarly debate虚词虛詞Abstract
一根长画从上到下，稍微弯；长画的一侧分出两三道短画，都朝同一边斜下去，像顺着一个方向一道一道刻出来的。上头那一道常折成小小的角。一根長畫從上到下，稍微彎；長畫的一側分出兩三道短畫，都朝同一邊斜下去，像順著一個方向一道一道刻出來的。上頭那一道常折成小小的角。One long stroke runs from top to bottom with a slight bend, and two or three short strokes come off the same side of it, all slanting the same way, as if cut one after another in a single direction. The topmost of them often folds into a small angle.
商代不同时期、不同刻手的写法并不相同。下面每一种写法都依据一片具体的甲骨。商代不同時期、不同刻手的寫法並不相同。下面每一種寫法都依據一片具體的甲骨。Scribes of different periods wrote the same character differently. Each form below follows one specific inscription.
常见写法常見寫法Most common form
长画在右，三道短画都从它向左下分出；最上一道折成角。長畫在右，三道短畫都從它向左下分出；最上一道折成角。The long stroke stands on the right and all three short ones break away from it to the lower left, the top one folded into an angle.
《甲骨文合集》19608 號 · 舊著錄 甲3079 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1532 · 第 03 形《甲骨文合集》19608 號 · 舊著錄 甲3079 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1532 · 第 03 形《甲骨文合集》 合19608 · first published as 甲3079 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1532 · form 03
上面张成一个大角，右臂拉得很长；长画到底向左钩回来。上面張成一個大角，右臂拉得很長；長畫到底向左鉤回來。The top opens into a wide angle with a long right arm, and the main stroke hooks back to the left at the foot.
《甲骨文合集》31935 號 · 舊著錄 後2.3.10 · 無名組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1532 · 第 13 形《甲骨文合集》31935 號 · 舊著錄 後2.3.10 · 無名組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1532 · 第 13 形《甲骨文合集》 合31935 · first published as 後2.3.10 · 無名組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1532 · form 13
短画减到两道，长画下端兜成一个大弯。短畫減到兩道，長畫下端兜成一個大彎。The short strokes are down to two, and the long stroke swings into a broad curve at its foot.
《甲骨文合集》32557 號 · 舊著錄 粹236 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1532 · 第 27 形《甲骨文合集》32557 號 · 舊著錄 粹236 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1532 · 第 27 形《甲骨文合集》 合32557 · first published as 粹236 · 歷組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1532 · form 27
这个字画的是什么，至今没有定论，三说并列。一说画的是做衣服的起手：衣领先裁出一个角，再顺着剪下去，所以“乍”就是“作”的本字，起头做一件东西。一说画的是耒，翻土的木耒，上端有柄、下端有踏脚的横木，农事就是“作”。一说依《说文》：“乍，止也。一曰亡也。从亡，从一”——但小篆的形已经和甲骨差得很远，这一条讲的是后来的字形。三说各有支持者，字形看不出决定性的证据，所以这里标作有争议。用法反而清楚：卜辞里“乍”就是后世的“作”，王“乍邑”是营建一座城，“乍册”是掌管简册的官职，这个官名后来一直用到西周金文里。
這個字畫的是什麼，至今沒有定論，三說並列。一說畫的是做衣服的起手：衣領先裁出一個角，再順著剪下去，所以「乍」就是「作」的本字，起頭做一件東西。一說畫的是耒，翻土的木耒，上端有柄、下端有踏腳的橫木，農事就是「作」。一說依《說文》：「乍，止也。一曰亡也。从亡，从一」——但小篆的形已經和甲骨差得很遠，這一條講的是後來的字形。三說各有支持者，字形看不出決定性的證據，所以這裡標作有爭議。用法反而清楚：卜辭裡「乍」就是後世的「作」，王「乍邑」是營建一座城，「乍冊」是掌管簡冊的官職，這個官名後來一直用到西周金文裡。
What this character draws has never been settled, and three accounts stand side by side. One has it drawing the first move in making a garment: the collar cut to an angle and the cloth then cut on from there, which would make 乍 the original of 作, to begin making a thing. Another has it drawing a 耒, the wooden digging stick with a handle above and a crossbar to push with below, farm work being the work of making. The third follows 說文 — “乍 is to stop; another account says to be gone; it follows 亡 and 一” — but the seal shape had drifted far from the bone shape by then, and that account describes the later form. Each has its supporters and the shape offers no deciding evidence, so the badge here says disputed. The use, by contrast, is plain: on the bones 乍 is the later 作. When the king 乍邑 he founds a settlement, and a 乍冊 is the officer who keeps the bound records — a title that goes on being used in the Western Zhou bronzes.
所有字形均为本项目按所引字形原创绘制的示意图，不是拓片复制品。所有字形均為本專案按所引字形原創繪製的示意圖，不是拓片複製品。Every drawing is an original schematic illustration made after the cited form. None of them is a reproduction of a rubbing. 小學堂甲骨文資料庫 · 中央研究院
