它画的是什么它畫的是什麼What it draws
同样是土坡上的一排台阶,旁边两个脚印的脚尖却朝下:人正一级一级往下走。同樣是土坡上的一排台階,旁邊兩個腳印的腳尖卻朝下:人正一級一級往下走。The same flight of steps cut into a slope, but the two footprints beside it point down: someone is coming down, step by step.
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下来、下降、降下(灾祸、雨水)下來、下降、降下(災禍、雨水)to come down, to descend, to send down (rain, misfortune)
广泛接受廣泛接受Widely accepted人物人物People
同样是土坡上的一排台阶,旁边两个脚印的脚尖却朝下:人正一级一级往下走。同樣是土坡上的一排台階,旁邊兩個腳印的腳尖卻朝下:人正一級一級往下走。The same flight of steps cut into a slope, but the two footprints beside it point down: someone is coming down, step by step.
商代不同时期、不同刻手的写法并不相同。下面每一种写法都依据一片具体的甲骨。商代不同時期、不同刻手的寫法並不相同。下面每一種寫法都依據一片具體的甲骨。Scribes of different periods wrote the same character differently. Each form below follows one specific inscription.
常见写法常見寫法Most common form
阶梯三级,缺口深而开阔,两个朝下的脚印画得很大。階梯三級,缺口深而開闊,兩個朝下的腳印畫得很大。Three steps with deep, open notches, and two large downward footprints.
《甲骨文合集》14173 號 · 舊著錄 乙575 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1644 · 第 03 形《甲骨文合集》14173 號 · 舊著錄 乙575 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1644 · 第 03 形《甲骨文合集》 合14173 · first published as 乙575 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1644 · form 03
阶梯只剩两级,缺口拉得很长,脚印收得又小又紧。階梯只剩兩級,缺口拉得很長,腳印收得又小又緊。Only two steps are left, their notches drawn long, and the footprints are small and tight.
《甲骨文合集》21960 號 · 舊著錄 前8.5.1 · 子組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1644 · 第 11 形《甲骨文合集》21960 號 · 舊著錄 前8.5.1 · 子組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1644 · 第 11 形《甲骨文合集》 合21960 · first published as 前8.5.1 · 子組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1644 · form 11
“降”和“陟”用的是同一套零件:一边是“阜”(坡上的阶梯),一边是两个脚印。分别只有一处——脚尖的方向倒过来了,朝下就是下坡。卜辞里“降”常说上帝或先王“降”下雨水、降下灾祸,所以它也有“从上面赐下来”的意思。《说文》把它讲成“从𨸏,夅声”,那是就已经定型的小篆分析的;甲骨文里下面那两个脚印还是实实在在的图画。
「降」和「陟」用的是同一套零件:一邊是「阜」(坡上的階梯),一邊是兩個腳印。分別只有一處——腳尖的方向倒過來了,朝下就是下坡。卜辭裡「降」常說上帝或先王「降」下雨水、降下災禍,所以它也有「從上面賜下來」的意思。《說文》把它講成「从𨸏,夅聲」,那是就已經定型的小篆分析的;甲骨文裡下面那兩個腳印還是實實在在的圖畫。
降 uses exactly the parts 陟 uses: the 阜 steps on one side, two footprints on the other. The single difference is that the toes are turned the other way — pointing down the slope. In divination records 降 is what Di or a royal ancestor does when rain or misfortune is sent down, so the character also carries the sense of granting something from above. 說文 analyses it as “from 𨸏, with 夅 as the phonetic”, which fits the settled seal form; in the oracle-bone script the lower part is still a plain picture of two feet.
所有字形均为本项目按所引字形原创绘制的示意图,不是拓片复制品。所有字形均為本專案按所引字形原創繪製的示意圖,不是拓片複製品。Every drawing is an original schematic illustration made after the cited form. None of them is a reproduction of a rubbing. 小學堂甲骨文資料庫 · 中央研究院