返回字库返回字庫Back to the glyph index
一件带叉的器具：两股杈头各系一个小环、卜辞里多用作地名一件帶叉的器具：兩股杈頭各繫一個小環、卜辭裡多用作地名a forked implement, a small ring bound at the tip of each prong, on the bones, mostly a place name
较可能的解释較可能的解釋Probable interpretation兵器兵器Weapons
两股从一根杆上分出来，向上张成一个叉；每股的顶端各系一个小环，像两颗坠子。杆子中段捆着一块方格，底下继续伸成长柄。举起来两头带重，抡出去有力。兩股從一根桿上分出來，向上張成一個叉；每股的頂端各繫一個小環，像兩顆墜子。桿子中段捆著一塊方格，底下繼續伸成長柄。舉起來兩頭帶重，掄出去有力。Two prongs branch from one shaft and open upward into a fork; a small ring is bound at the tip of each, like two weights. Round the middle of the shaft a squared patch is lashed on, and below that the shaft runs on as a long handle. Weighted at the head, it carries force when it is swung.
商代不同时期、不同刻手的写法并不相同。下面每一种写法都依据一片具体的甲骨。商代不同時期、不同刻手的寫法並不相同。下面每一種寫法都依據一片具體的甲骨。Scribes of different periods wrote the same character differently. Each form below follows one specific inscription.
常见写法常見寫法Most common form
中段只横一道，不画方格；两环张得开。中段只橫一道，不畫方格；兩環張得開。One plain bar at the middle instead of a patch, and the two rings set wide apart.
《甲骨文合集》21729 號 · 舊著錄 乙1049 · 子組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 138 · 第 01 形《甲骨文合集》21729 號 · 舊著錄 乙1049 · 子組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 138 · 第 01 形《甲骨文合集》 合21729 · first published as 乙1049 · 子組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 138 · form 01
中段捆一块方格，格里横一道，分成上下两格。中段捆一塊方格，格裡橫一道，分成上下兩格。A squared patch is lashed at the middle, one line across it making two cells.
《甲骨文合集》137 號 · 舊著錄 菁5.1 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 138 · 第 06 形《甲骨文合集》137 號 · 舊著錄 菁5.1 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 138 · 第 06 形《甲骨文合集》 合137 · first published as 菁5.1 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 138 · form 06
叉收得窄，方格也小，整件东西显得短而紧。叉收得窄，方格也小，整件東西顯得短而緊。The fork narrows and the patch shrinks, so the whole thing reads short and tight.
《甲骨文合集》34220 號 · 舊著錄 粹73 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 138 · 第 08 形《甲骨文合集》34220 號 · 舊著錄 粹73 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 138 · 第 08 形《甲骨文合集》 合34220 · first published as 粹73 · 歷組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 138 · form 08
《说文》在这个字上很坦白：“单，大也。从吅、，吅亦声。阙。”——“阙”就是缺，许慎说到这里说不下去了，他看见的小篆上头两个口，已经认不出画的是什么。骨上的形保留得多：叉、环、杆、中段的方格，四样都在。照这个形，一般读作一件带叉的器具，两头的环是系上去的重物或石块；另一种读法把中段那块方格看作护手或盾面，于是“单”是一种盾一类的东西，和“干”（本库 glyph_shield_001）是一路。两说都解释得了那块方格，本条因此定为大致可信。有一点旁证：“兽”（本库 glyph_hunt_001）左边就是“单”，右边是犬——拿着这件东西带狗出去，就是打猎。卜辞里“单”本身多用作地名。
《說文》在這個字上很坦白：「單，大也。从吅、，吅亦聲。闕。」——「闕」就是缺，許慎說到這裡說不下去了，他看見的小篆上頭兩個口，已經認不出畫的是什麼。骨上的形保留得多：叉、環、桿、中段的方格，四樣都在。照這個形，一般讀作一件帶叉的器具，兩頭的環是繫上去的重物或石塊；另一種讀法把中段那塊方格看作護手或盾面，於是「單」是一種盾一類的東西，和「干」（本庫 glyph_shield_001）是一路。兩說都解釋得了那塊方格，本條因此定為大致可信。有一點旁證：「獸」（本庫 glyph_hunt_001）左邊就是「單」，右邊是犬——拿著這件東西帶狗出去，就是打獵。卜辭裡「單」本身多用作地名。
說文 is candid about this one: “單 means large; from 吅, with 吅 also giving the sound. 闕.” 闕 means a gap — Xu Shen stopped there, because the two mouths at the top of the seal form he had in front of him no longer told him what was drawn. The bone keeps much more: fork, rings, shaft and the squared patch at the middle, all four. On that shape it is usually read as a forked implement, the rings being weights or stones lashed to the tips; the other reading takes the squared patch for a hand-guard or a shield face, which puts 單 with 干, the shield at glyph_shield_001. Either account covers the patch, so we grade it probable. One piece of side evidence: 獸, at glyph_hunt_001, is 單 on the left and a dog on the right — take this thing out with the dogs and you are hunting. 單 by itself on the bones is mostly a place name.
所有字形均为本项目按所引字形原创绘制的示意图，不是拓片复制品。所有字形均為本專案按所引字形原創繪製的示意圖，不是拓片複製品。Every drawing is an original schematic illustration made after the cited form. None of them is a reproduction of a rubbing. 小學堂甲骨文資料庫 · 中央研究院
