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马缰：从马嘴通到御者手里的绳馬韁：從馬嘴通到御者手裡的繩the reins: the cords from the horses' mouths back to the driver's hands
较可能的解释較可能的解釋Probable interpretation工具工具Tools
上面一个圈，圈上两笔交叉成尖；圈底下垂着两三股绳，每股拧成一个接一个的小圈。绳都从那一个圈里穿出来，顺着往下走——马在前头，绳在后头，握在手里就是缰。上面一個圈，圈上兩筆交叉成尖；圈底下垂著兩三股繩，每股擰成一個接一個的小圈。繩都從那一個圈裡穿出來，順著往下走——馬在前頭，繩在後頭，握在手裡就是韁。A ring on top, with two strokes crossing to a point above it; from under the ring hang two or three cords, each twisted into one small loop after another. Every cord comes out through that one ring and runs down from it — the horses ahead, the cords behind, and in a hand they are reins.
商代不同时期、不同刻手的写法并不相同。下面每一种写法都依据一片具体的甲骨。商代不同時期、不同刻手的寫法並不相同。下面每一種寫法都依據一片具體的甲骨。Scribes of different periods wrote the same character differently. Each form below follows one specific inscription.
常见写法常見寫法Most common form
圈画成窄梭形，上面两笔交叉；底下两股绳，各两个小圈。圈畫成窄梭形，上面兩筆交叉；底下兩股繩，各兩個小圈。The ring is a narrow spindle with two strokes crossing above it, and two cords below, two loops on each.
《甲骨文合集》33030 號 · 舊著錄 粹1125 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1565 · 第 01 形《甲骨文合集》33030 號 · 舊著錄 粹1125 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1565 · 第 01 形《甲骨文合集》 合33030 · first published as 粹1125 · 歷組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1565 · form 01
圈画成一个大圆，圆里横一道；底下三股绳并排。圈畫成一個大圓，圓裡橫一道；底下三股繩並排。The ring is drawn as a large circle with a line across it, and three cords hang side by side below.
《甲骨文合集》8175 號 · 舊著錄 前2.18.4 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1565 · 第 04 形《甲骨文合集》8175 號 · 舊著錄 前2.18.4 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1565 · 第 04 形《甲骨文合集》 合8175 · first published as 前2.18.4 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1565 · form 04
每股绳只留一个圈，下面拖成直线，两股向外分开。每股繩只留一個圈，下面拖成直線，兩股向外分開。Each cord keeps one loop only and trails off straight below, the two parting outward.
《甲骨文合集》33147 號 · 舊著錄 摭續164 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1565 · 第 06 形《甲骨文合集》33147 號 · 舊著錄 摭續164 · 歷組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 1565 · 第 06 形《甲骨文合集》 合33147 · first published as 摭續164 · 歷組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 1565 · form 06
下半好认：几股打圈的绳，和本章“系”（glyph_cord_001）底下画的是同一种线。不同的是上半：“系”上面是一只手，“辔”上面是一个圈，绳从圈里穿过去。《说文》说“辔，马辔也。从丝，从軎”——“丝”就是这几股绳，“軎”是套在车轴头上的铜筒。可是骨上那个圈长在绳的上头，不在车轴上，说它是軎并不顺；也有人把它看成马嘴上的环，或者揽住几股绳的那个结。所以本条定为大致可信：绳是绳，圈是什么还可以商量。《诗》里说“六辔如丝”，四马六辔，正是这个字画出来的那一把。
下半好認：幾股打圈的繩，和本章「系」（glyph_cord_001）底下畫的是同一種線。不同的是上半：「系」上面是一隻手，「轡」上面是一個圈，繩從圈裡穿過去。《說文》說「轡，馬轡也。从絲，从軎」——「絲」就是這幾股繩，「軎」是套在車軸頭上的銅筒。可是骨上那個圈長在繩的上頭，不在車軸上，說它是軎並不順；也有人把它看成馬嘴上的環，或者攬住幾股繩的那個結。所以本條定為大致可信：繩是繩，圈是什麼還可以商量。《詩》裡說「六轡如絲」，四馬六轡，正是這個字畫出來的那一把。
The lower half is easy to name: several looped cords, the same line this chapter draws under 系 at glyph_cord_001. The upper half is what differs — 系 has a hand above, 轡 has a ring, and the cords pass out through it. 說文 says “轡 is the horse's reins; from 絲 and from 軎”, 絲 being these cords and 軎 the bronze cap fitted over the end of a chariot axle. But the ring on the bone sits at the head of the cords, not on an axle, and calling it 軎 does not sit easily; others take it for the ring at the horse's mouth, or for the knot that gathers the cords together. So we grade this probable: the cords are cords, and what the ring is remains open. 《詩》 says “six reins like silk” — four horses, six reins — and that handful is what this character draws.
所有字形均为本项目按所引字形原创绘制的示意图，不是拓片复制品。所有字形均為本專案按所引字形原創繪製的示意圖，不是拓片複製品。Every drawing is an original schematic illustration made after the cited form. None of them is a reproduction of a rubbing. 小學堂甲骨文資料庫 · 中央研究院
