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眼睛上长出的翳、灾害、损伤眼睛上長出的翳、災害、損傷the film that grows over an eye, harm, damage done
广泛接受廣泛接受Widely accepted身体身體Body
下面横着一只眼：一个两头尖的长框，框里两三道短画，是眼珠和眼纹。眼的上面立着一棵刚长出来的苗，一根直茎，两侧各伸一枝。苗长在眼上——眼里长出了东西。下面橫著一隻眼：一個兩頭尖的長框，框裡兩三道短畫，是眼珠和眼紋。眼的上面立著一棵剛長出來的苗，一根直莖，兩側各伸一枝。苗長在眼上——眼裡長出了東西。Along the bottom lies an eye: a long frame pointed at both ends with two or three short strokes inside it for the pupil and the lines of the eye. Standing above it is a young shoot, one upright stem with a branch out to either side. The shoot grows out of the eye — something has grown where it should not.
商代不同时期、不同刻手的写法并不相同。下面每一种写法都依据一片具体的甲骨。商代不同時期、不同刻手的寫法並不相同。下面每一種寫法都依據一片具體的甲骨。Scribes of different periods wrote the same character differently. Each form below follows one specific inscription.
常见写法常見寫法Most common form
眼斜着放，从左下向右上，框里两道短画；苗的茎也跟着斜。眼斜著放，從左下向右上，框裡兩道短畫；苗的莖也跟著斜。The eye lies on a slant from lower left to upper right with two short strokes inside it, and the shoot's stem leans the same way.
《甲骨文合集》9638 號 · 舊著錄 前5.6.2 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 466 · 第 14 形《甲骨文合集》9638 號 · 舊著錄 前5.6.2 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 466 · 第 14 形《甲骨文合集》 合9638 · first published as 前5.6.2 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 466 · form 14
眼拉得又长又扁，几乎横贯字底；框里两道竖画把它分成三格。眼拉得又長又扁，幾乎橫貫字底；框裡兩道豎畫把它分成三格。The eye is drawn long and flat, nearly the width of the character, and two upright strokes inside divide it into three.
《甲骨文合集》9504 號 · 舊著錄 乙4057 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 466 · 第 30 形《甲骨文合集》9504 號 · 舊著錄 乙4057 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 466 · 第 30 形《甲骨文合集》 合9504 · first published as 乙4057 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 466 · form 30
眼收得小而鼓，偏在左下；苗刻得比眼还高。眼收得小而鼓，偏在左下；苗刻得比眼還高。The eye is small and swollen and sits down to the left, while the shoot is cut taller than the eye itself.
《甲骨文合集》29098 號 · 舊著錄 甲357 · 無名組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 466 · 第 02 形《甲骨文合集》29098 號 · 舊著錄 甲357 · 無名組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 466 · 第 02 形《甲骨文合集》 合29098 · first published as 甲357 · 無名組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 466 · form 02
两个部件都认得：下面是“目”，横着写的眼睛；上面是“生”，刚出土的苗。《说文》说“眚，目病生翳也。从目，生声”——眼睛上蒙了一层翳，遮住了看；按《说文》的讲法，“生”只标音。不过把苗画在眼上，看起来也像是把“长出东西来”直接画了出来，两种理解并不冲突，字形本身没有疑问。要留神的是用法：卜辞里这个字有两条路，一条是灾害、损伤，问“亡眚”就是问有没有损害；另一条是借作“省”，商王“眚田”“眚牛”，是去察看。哪一条读法对，得看整条辞的上下文，学者判断也不总是一致——同一片甲骨上的这个字，不同的释文里可能读成不同的词。
兩個部件都認得：下面是「目」，橫著寫的眼睛；上面是「生」，剛出土的苗。《說文》說「眚，目病生翳也。从目，生聲」——眼睛上蒙了一層翳，遮住了看；按《說文》的講法，「生」只標音。不過把苗畫在眼上，看起來也像是把「長出東西來」直接畫了出來，兩種理解並不衝突，字形本身沒有疑問。要留神的是用法：卜辭裡這個字有兩條路，一條是災害、損傷，問「亡眚」就是問有沒有損害；另一條是借作「省」，商王「眚田」「眚牛」，是去察看。哪一條讀法對，得看整條辭的上下文，學者判斷也不總是一致——同一片甲骨上的這個字，不同的釋文裡可能讀成不同的詞。
Both parts are familiar: below is 目, an eye written on its side; above is 生, a shoot just out of the ground. 說文 says “眚 is the eye disease in which a film grows; it follows 目 with 生 as the sound” — a haze over the eye that blocks the sight, with 生 marking only the pronunciation. Yet a shoot drawn on top of an eye also looks like a picture of something growing where it should not, and the two understandings do not conflict; the shape itself is not in doubt. The use needs more care. The word runs two ways on the bones. One is harm or damage, so that asking 亡眚 is asking whether anything has been damaged. The other borrows the character for 省, to inspect, as when the king 眚 a field or 眚 the cattle, going out to look them over. Which reading applies depends on the rest of the divination, and scholars do not always decide alike: the same character on the same piece can be read as one word in one transcription and the other in another.
所有字形均为本项目按所引字形原创绘制的示意图，不是拓片复制品。所有字形均為本專案按所引字形原創繪製的示意圖，不是拓片複製品。Every drawing is an original schematic illustration made after the cited form. None of them is a reproduction of a rubbing. 小學堂甲骨文資料庫 · 中央研究院
