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做买卖的人；坐着卖货、收起来存着的贝做買賣的人；坐著賣貨、收起來存著的貝a merchant; to sell from a fixed place, cowries put away and kept
学界有争议學界有爭議Scholarly debate器物器物Objects
一个方框：上下各一道横，左右各一道竖，框得严严的。框里装着一枚贝，壳口朝上，两边鼓起。还有一道长竖穿过整个框，上下都伸出去。一個方框：上下各一道橫，左右各一道豎，框得嚴嚴的。框裡裝著一枚貝，殼口朝上，兩邊鼓起。還有一道長豎穿過整個框，上下都伸出去。A square frame: a bar above, a bar below, an upright to either side, shut tight. Inside it sits a cowrie, its opening upward and its sides swelling. One long upright runs through the whole frame and out at the top and the bottom.
商代不同时期、不同刻手的写法并不相同。下面每一种写法都依据一片具体的甲骨。商代不同時期、不同刻手的寫法並不相同。下面每一種寫法都依據一片具體的甲骨。Scribes of different periods wrote the same character differently. Each form below follows one specific inscription.
常见写法常見寫法Most common form
框方正，贝在框中；长竖穿过整个字，上下都伸出框外。框方正，貝在框中；長豎穿過整個字，上下都伸出框外。A squared frame with the cowrie inside it, and the long upright running the whole height, out past the frame at both ends.
《甲骨文合集》698 號 · 舊著錄 乙752 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 794 · 第 02 形《甲骨文合集》698 號 · 舊著錄 乙752 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 794 · 第 02 形《甲骨文合集》 合698 · first published as 乙752 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 794 · form 02
贝不在框里，落到框的下面；框缩得很扁，贝反而画得完整，连两只足都在。貝不在框裡，落到框的下面；框縮得很扁，貝反而畫得完整，連兩隻足都在。The cowrie leaves the frame and drops below it; the frame flattens down while the shell is drawn out in full, its two feet and all.
《甲骨文合集》28195 號 · 舊著錄 後2.18.8 · 何組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 794 · 第 10 形《甲骨文合集》28195 號 · 舊著錄 後2.18.8 · 何組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 794 · 第 10 形《甲骨文合集》 合28195 · first published as 後2.18.8 · 何組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 794 · form 10
框小一号，长竖主要伸在上边，下面只留短短一截。框小一號，長豎主要伸在上邊，下面只留短短一截。A smaller frame, with the long upright reaching mostly above it and only a short stub left below.
《甲骨文合集》6571反 號 · 舊著錄 乙6693反 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 794 · 第 04 形《甲骨文合集》6571反 號 · 舊著錄 乙6693反 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 794 · 第 04 形《甲骨文合集》 合6571反 · first published as 乙6693反 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 794 · form 04
框里的是“贝”，这一点没有异议；争的是那个框。一说框是“襾”，盖在上面的罩子——货盖起来，摆着等人来买，所以是“贾”，《说文》就这样讲：“贾，贾市也。从贝，襾声。一曰坐卖售也”，还特意说明是“坐着卖”，和走四方的商人分开。另一说框是“宁”，存放东西的架子——贝收进架子里存起来，那这个字该读“贮”，是收藏、积存。两说各有金文上的依据，连小学堂把这个字头下的铜器定名，也有叫“贮铙”“贮爵”的，可见定名本身就跟着释读走。这里标作有争议：画的是贝在一个框里，框是罩还是架，未有定论。无论哪一说，这个字都把“贝”和“收存”连在一起，商代的贝是从海上来的，要经人手转运，本身就是要存、要算、要给出去的东西。
框裡的是「貝」，這一點沒有異議；爭的是那個框。一說框是「襾」，蓋在上面的罩子——貨蓋起來，擺著等人來買，所以是「賈」，《說文》就這樣講：「賈，賈市也。从貝，襾聲。一曰坐賣售也」，還特意說明是「坐著賣」，和走四方的商人分開。另一說框是「宁」，存放東西的架子——貝收進架子裡存起來，那這個字該讀「貯」，是收藏、積存。兩說各有金文上的依據，連小學堂把這個字頭下的銅器定名，也有叫「貯鐃」「貯爵」的，可見定名本身就跟著釋讀走。這裡標作有爭議：畫的是貝在一個框裡，框是罩還是架，未有定論。無論哪一說，這個字都把「貝」和「收存」連在一起，商代的貝是從海上來的，要經人手轉運，本身就是要存、要算、要給出去的東西。
That the thing inside the frame is a 貝, a cowrie, no one disputes; the frame is what is argued about. One reading makes it 襾, a cover laid over goods — wares under their cover, set out and waiting for a buyer — which gives 賈, and is what 說文 says: “賈 is trading in a market; it follows 貝 with 襾 as the sound. Another account: selling while seated” — that last clause marking the settled seller off from the trader who travels. The other reading makes the frame 宁, the rack that things are stored on: cowries put away on a rack, which would make the character 貯, to store up. Each reading has bronze evidence behind it, and even the vessel names filed under this headword in the 小學堂 database include a 貯鐃 and a 貯爵, which shows how the naming follows the reading. The badge here says disputed: a cowrie inside a frame is what is drawn, and whether the frame is a cover or a rack is unsettled. Either way the character ties the cowrie to keeping. Shang cowries came from the sea and passed through many hands, and they were by their nature a thing to be stored, counted and given away.
所有字形均为本项目按所引字形原创绘制的示意图，不是拓片复制品。所有字形均為本專案按所引字形原創繪製的示意圖，不是拓片複製品。Every drawing is an original schematic illustration made after the cited form. None of them is a reproduction of a rubbing. 小學堂甲骨文資料庫 · 中央研究院
