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丢失，失去、人死了以后的丧事丟失，失去、人死了以後的喪事to lose, to be deprived of, the mourning that follows a death
较可能的解释較可能的解釋Probable interpretation虚词虛詞Abstract
一棵树立在当中，枝条向两边斜出；枝上挂着三四个小口，每个都是方方的、开口朝上的器皿。摘桑叶用的筐挂满一树。一棵樹立在當中，枝條向兩邊斜出；枝上掛著三四個小口，每個都是方方的、開口朝上的器皿。摘桑葉用的筐掛滿一樹。A tree stands in the middle with its branches slanting out to both sides, and three or four small squared vessels hang among them, each open at the top. A mulberry hung all over with the baskets used to strip its leaves.
商代不同时期、不同刻手的写法并不相同。下面每一种写法都依据一片具体的甲骨。商代不同時期、不同刻手的寫法並不相同。下面每一種寫法都依據一片具體的甲骨。Scribes of different periods wrote the same character differently. Each form below follows one specific inscription.
常见写法常見寫法Most common form
树干直立，上下两层斜枝；三个方口分挂在两侧和树顶。樹幹直立，上下兩層斜枝；三個方口分掛在兩側和樹頂。An upright trunk with two tiers of slanting branches; three squared vessels hang at the sides and the crown.
《甲骨文合集》1083 號 · 舊著錄 林2.18.20 · 《甲骨文編》字號 140 · 第 23 形《甲骨文合集》1083 號 · 舊著錄 林2.18.20 · 《甲骨文編》字號 140 · 第 23 形《甲骨文合集》 合1083 · first published as 林2.18.20 · 《甲骨文編》 headword 140 · form 23
方口增到四个，两上两下对称排开，树枝只剩当中一道。方口增到四個，兩上兩下對稱排開，樹枝只剩當中一道。Four vessels now, two above and two below in a symmetrical block, with a single branch line left across the middle.
《甲骨文合集》23711 號 · 舊著錄 前7.28.1 · 出組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 140 · 第 31 形《甲骨文合集》23711 號 · 舊著錄 前7.28.1 · 出組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 140 · 第 31 形《甲骨文合集》 合23711 · first published as 前7.28.1 · 出組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 140 · form 31
树干斜写，左上角另刻一个交叉的“亡”，右边只留一个方口。樹幹斜寫，左上角另刻一個交叉的「亡」，右邊只留一個方口。The trunk leans, a crossed 亡 sign is cut into the upper left, and only one vessel is kept on the right.
《甲骨文合集》19492 號 · 舊著錄 佚605 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 140 · 第 01 形《甲骨文合集》19492 號 · 舊著錄 佚605 · 賓組 · 《甲骨文編》字號 140 · 第 01 形《甲骨文合集》 合19492 · first published as 佚605 · 賓組 diviner group · 《甲骨文編》 headword 140 · form 01
字的骨架是“桑”，桑树；树上那几个方口，多数人读作采桑用的筐，也有人读作张开的嘴。两说的分别在于：若是筐，“喪”只是借“桑”的音来写“丢失”这个词，画的还是采桑；若是嘴，字面就直接画哭。有的字形在树旁再添一个“亡”，那是后加的声符兼义符。《说文》说“喪，亡也。从哭，从亡”，讲的是小篆已经变了形的写法，甲骨里看不到“哭”。卜辞用它记失去：丢了人手，丢了马，也记王朝中的丧事。
字的骨架是「桑」，桑樹；樹上那幾個方口，多數人讀作採桑用的筐，也有人讀作張開的嘴。兩說的分別在於：若是筐，「喪」只是借「桑」的音來寫「丟失」這個詞，畫的還是採桑；若是嘴，字面就直接畫哭。有的字形在樹旁再添一個「亡」，那是後加的聲符兼義符。《說文》說「喪，亡也。从哭，从亡」，講的是小篆已經變了形的寫法，甲骨裡看不到「哭」。卜辭用它記失去：丟了人手，丟了馬，也記王朝中的喪事。
The frame of the graph is 桑, the mulberry. Most readers take the squared openings hung in its branches for the baskets a leaf-picker carries; some take them for open mouths. The difference matters: if they are baskets, 喪 only borrows the sound of 桑 to write the word “lose”, and the picture is still leaf-picking; if they are mouths, the picture is wailing itself. Some forms add a 亡 beside the tree, a later element that carries both the sound and the sense. 說文 says 喪，亡也。从哭，从亡 — “from 哭, weeping, and 亡, gone” — but that describes the already-altered seal form; there is no 哭 on the bones. The divinations use the word for losses: of men, of horses, and of a death in the royal house.
所有字形均为本项目按所引字形原创绘制的示意图，不是拓片复制品。所有字形均為本專案按所引字形原創繪製的示意圖，不是拓片複製品。Every drawing is an original schematic illustration made after the cited form. None of them is a reproduction of a rubbing. 小學堂甲骨文資料庫 · 中央研究院
